2023记录

Ruitian Zhong

Jul 4, 2023 22 min read daily-record

2023/11/21

Vocabulary 107

festive atmosphere
gnaw
reed
gravitational pull
stark clean
subversive
abiding
saddle
antiquated
laborer

2023/11/19

Vocabulary 106

stiffen
gel
mortal
precipitous
postdate
estate
thorny
antibiotic
tumble
trumpeter
wasp
sting
hovercraft
concerted effort
oxen
scrape
rubble
twig
glossy
soundproof earmuff
landslide
anesthesia
brook
pronounced scar
vestige
ford
lash
cyclone
uproot
photosensitive
ink stain

2023/11/18

Vocabulary 105

lifesaver
brochure
advent
finesse
confide
stylized
sluggish
primal instinct
grazing land
topography
clutch
telecommuter
facade
field research
semi-molten
charging outlet
colonel
sensibility
impesonation
flare
chagrin
demolition
jellyfish
oratorio
cowhand
spinach
softwood
vie
squarely

2023/11/17

Vocabulary 104

stipulate
infusion
jubilant
combustible
vaulted doorway
theist
repertory
emancipate
scarlet
dispense
portraiture
incongruity
wear away
pierce
entrenched position
hilly
photosynthesis
spanking
flashy hotel
fanatical
tint
infest
antedate
obliterate
auger
stanza
fortress

2023/11/16

Vocabulary 103

atheist
aquarium
clog
radical clean
hatchery
smelting
combustion
crustacean
menace
potent
coalescence
custodian
precarious
hump
sprout
pronghorn
disrepute
appraisal
courtship
nomadic
solder
fanaticism
ravine
crevice
overtire
fend for oneself
shaft
strenuously
mainspring

2023/11/15

Vocabulary 102

credence
quench
tenderness
graft
puncture
lethal
corn starch
slip one’s mind
steadfast
perennial
yawn
reimburse
perpetuate
plaster
carat
pocketbook
plainly
trainload
tactile
stunt
screwdriver
equilateral triangle
armory
retool
ascrible
abut
scarecrow
aggravate
hatchet
venturesome
towering
intrinsic
one strand of row
vomit / common complication
majesty

2023/11/14

Vocabulary 101

grandeur
swamp
genial
alloy
percitipation
frivolity
kingkong
analogous
consonant
sow
nonconformist
in distress
counteract
carnivorous
eloquent
distort
commissioned to do
volatile
pole repel
lodge
embryonic
meteorite
attainment
embellish
labyrinth
lithograph
paddler
snowdrift
substantiate
venom

2023/11/13

Vocabulary 100

wed
tundra
spangle
cadence
waging a rebellion
hoe
haphazard
wedge-shaped
illegible
baptisim
barrel
grumble
prospector
insanity
complementary
crossbone
prod
living quarters
entanglement
fauna
handicap
syrup
fixture
bandleader
ragtime
sloop
stipulation
screw the lid
trespass

2023/11/12

Vocabulary 99

melodrama
canopy
terrestrial
diagonally
inundate
polygonal
notch
peck
aurora
acclaimed
concerto
tortuous
glaciated
conversant
succumb
excavate
masonry
prolific
mania
assimilate
terminus
waste disposal
contraction
neon
handicraft

2023/11/11

Vocabulary 98

creep
bandanna
endotherm
crumble
nonhuman primate
blacksmith
sarcastic
rayon
sea cucumber
lethargic
preoccupation
stagnant
speck
quadrilateral
stern expression
plank
crude ore
pine tree
translucent
improvisation
proofread
stimuli
barge
sheath
quarter
conjecture
mercantile
beaded
camouflage
sit sideways
bland
herald

2023/11/10

Vocabulary 97

tapering
pore
thousandfold
courtly
arithmetic
subdivision
cubic function
avid
attain
graze
smog
sunlit
stroke
gibe
reclamation
retentive
frisky kitten
floodplain
pamphelet
voracious
assortment
hustle
burgeon
postulate
gaseous

2023/11/09

Vocabulary 96

fumigate
aloof
tap
vicinity
escalator
made an appropration
vowel
recompose
veining
gilding
replenish
pebble
impermeable
condensation
illusive
upland
alder
adept
chilli
motif
backdrop
horn
brisk
dissimilar
eventful
melodious
propensity
aversion

2023/11/08

Vocabulary 95

discernible
repulse
animated
sanctuary
pineapple
retrospective
parasitic
carbonhydrate
subsisted
penal
wring out the cloth
stamina
litter
seismic
Baroque
continuum
expel
charitable
embryo
aquamarine

2023/11/07

Vocabulary 94

perpendicular
gemstone
foreshadow
provincialism
curator
protagonist
condiment
ketchup
succinct
mammoth
torrential
scruple
irradiate
encroach
utilitarian
swarm
potted plant
exalted
cabin
affliction
reptile
deity
blast
neoclassical
serene
rawhide
boulder
postcard
rage

2023/11/06

Vocabulary 93

deft
resonance
impediment
sect
sweeping
subdue
keep a straight posture
sidestep
supple
determinant
adversity
shrivel
detest
pedagogy
dagger
charcoal
silicate
paleontologist
optometrist
assemblage
shrub
outmoded
aria
cello
foul
monochromatic
intricately
gull
gorilla
dumb
flair

2023/11/05

Vocabulary 92

chateau
combination
quantum
membrane
encase
bloom
procelain
cellist
amnesia
bleak
troupe
resort package
haunted
lore
perimeter
assembly
slimy
glorify
pinpoint
cubism
elliptical
indented
maize
ductile
inflict

2023/11/04

Vocabulary 91

genesis
ware
yelp
intrigue
deformation
luminosity
stimulant
ferry
husk
feeble
wither
confined to bed
marshy
seamount
fishing rod
cling
dash off
latent
torrent
lumbering
cast-iron
quail egg
slime
raze
aromatic
flabby
fortuitously
gentility

2023/11/03

Vocabulary 90

hazel
canyon
amble
chronological
cardinal number
rite
rustic
juvenile
stagecoach
zigzag
lethargy
frugal
juncture
rumble
exterminate
crockroach
tensile band
herculean
glacial
weary
magnesium
hasten
rubbery toy
rectify
jade bracelet
refurbish
incise
utensil
edifice

2023/11/02

Vocabulary 89

fraction
jolting
bow
afflict
dormant
grasshopper
instrumental
drudgery
viscosity
vent
igloo
permeate
overcast
imposing
announcer
procupine
concave
crumple
dissertation
soloist
torque
larvae
antiseptic
lineage
willow
originality
fungus
annihilate
luster
scuba
discerning
imprint
reverently

2023/11/01

Vocabulary 88

painstaking
psychoanalysis
pauper
courier
symbology
irritable
fable
crimson
equilibrium
wade
telegraph
incredulity
heyday
impersonal
weathering
impending
suspend
upscale
pristine
fleeting
sociable
igneous
engrave
vigor
spawn
stickpin
sustenance
deign
banner
maverick
absenteeism
dorsal fin
additive
terrain

2023/10/31

Vocabulary 87

chubby
checkout counter
inherent
preponderance
tinplate
innate
incongruous
ward off
enterprising
seduce
posthumous
rattle
topsoil
intruder
pry open
watercourse
sushi
salmon roe
kinetic
delirium
wholesome
fray
larynx
hummingbird
to and fro
potter
impair

2023/10/30

Vocabulary 86

weep
boardinghouse
emblem
impersonate
chimpanzee
bouquet
tableland
pathogen
foe
disagreeable
devise
negate
gallantry
urbanite
chamber music
libel
newscast
cannibalism
icicle
irritated
flyspeck
distended
kerosene
fermentation

2023/10/29

Vocabulary 85

heavenly
teeth is crooked
formidable
homogenize
solar cell
etiquette
multistory
patriarch
ladybug
kennel
scavenger
liger
crossbreeding
engraving
incandescent
lodging
mortar
impartially
belie
industrious
treadmill
seismograph
flock to
fluorescent
juxtaposition
subterranean
pertinent

2023/10/28

Vocabulary 84

defecate
plainspoken
renunciation
gush
cavity
captivity
cardiac
chaste
monk
sedentary
sectional view
laurel
wreath
proliferation
tract
outlying area
glazed surface of pastry
tapestry
dripstone
pollinate
shellfish
pumpkin
apartheid
prudent
weld
grind
surcharge
outermost
deciduous

2023/10/27

Vocabulary 83

buggy
overtax
sparingly
citadel
jolt
hay
hurl
defective
rarefy
with their hand laced
detergent
foremost
seclude
cumbersome
accredit
pliable
overt
boon
patriarchal
facelift
ailment
proprietor
gazette
conglomerate
adobe
figurehead
venerable
tender
synonymous
secrete
enzyme
tally
forebear
domesticate
chisel
stout
crowbar
galvanization

2023/10/26

Vocabulary 82

flagella
osprey
feudal
treason
soverein
elongate
upheaval
turquoise
slab
epidermis
trilogy
pitch
zenith
rooster
hinterland
rattlesnake
bonanza
riducule
subdicipline
complement
compliment
stratum
lithosphere
eccentricity
congenial
sewer system

2023/10/25

Vocabulary 81

embroidery
precursor
epic
brownish
clan
strip
cramped
carving
an army of
flake
dispersal
surpassingly
mold
landmass
hinder
dues
paucity
debris
pasta
loom
methodology
ardent
acumen
skimp
incessant
infirmary
adjunct
quilter
indefinite
erratic
beard
mediate
feat
creek

2023/10/24

Vocabulary 80

parapsychology
serrated
boarder
mime
philology
tapeworm
yardstick
invertibrate
cabinet-maker
inclined
medieval
incapacitate
vegetation
coil
multiply
crab
sponge
dismember
rugged path
averse
chronology
indent
ceremonial
sprawl
exorbitant
sumptuous
vault

2023/10/23

Vocabulary 79

pigment
bandmaster
crippling
stumble
caterpillar
seismology
tow
pliant
defrost
intrepid
pique
saliva
locomotive
involuntary
aggravating
convival
homespun
novice
excavation
abraisive
sandpaper
algae
dent
graphite
drop in
sundial
polo
equestrian
checkup
lustrous
wizard
infuse

2023/10/22

Vocabulary 78

prose
culinary
culinary
sap
sap
sloe
enclose
interdependence
urbanism
elicit
lull
splendor
starfish
tranquil
complicity
incisive
superintendent
greyhound
temperance
amenity
pane
pyramid
horned
weariness
uncharted
mimicry
eviscerate
dreary
sapphire
nuclei
conspicuously
octopus
warrantable
audit

2023/10/21

Vocabulary 77

league
lobster
puddle
remnant
affluent
nonconformity
a pivotal figure
careerism
synthesize
contender
pluto
foghorn
forestall
unwieldly
artisan
girder
frugality
tenement
suspense
devoid
cast into
wrought iron
waive
preeminent
prodigy
trickle
orchard
spit
ornament
treacherous
unbridled

2023/10/20

Vocabulary 76

ballonist
preservative
choreography
plumage
unravel
pretense
bequest
saction
neuron
balmy
dim
salient
convex
deprivation
dilution
walkout
ferromagnetic
populous
scaled
misanthropy
sanctimonious
ordinance
gyration
decimal

2023/10/19

Vocabulary 75

assorted
hail
stellar
typify
fort
bust
contour
foment
proceeding
cornet
slothful
trapper
sloft
stationary
slash
blade
silversmith
brooch
thorn
whittle
corn
mimic
coinage
lateral
gallant
staple
melodic
saxophone
symphony
abound
seam
autobiography
rejuvenate
dispose of

2023/10/18

Vocabulary 74

scrub
fender
lucrative
tributary
receptor
snug
mesmerize
flavoring
tentacle
despoil
shipwright
stardom
subduct
mournful
iconographic
flora
utterance
plight
strata
chromosphere
enrage
merger
milieu
fluffy
symbiotic
trove
stash
discreet
mason
dime
memorandum
recount
rinse
torpor
strap the safety belt
shutter
raven
mural

2023/10/17

Vocabulary 73

elusive
ornamentation
disinterested
learn by rote
expressly
porous
wreck
pack animal
forbidding
burrow
woolly
counterclockwise
slipper
olfactory
pollinator
vitalist
squash
paraglider
kiln
flint
carapace
odorless
postage
jumble
tavern
utopian
propulsion
intermittent
rebuke
metabolism
locomote
scrap
incense
spinal cord
ore

2023/10/16

Vocabulary 72

quarry
saga
contemplate
garb
exemplary
audible
walnut
gems
saucer
diction
hatchling
narcotic
thigh
manure
dietition
impede
plump
formative
wit
tribal
alchemy
disintegrate
shy away from

2023/10/15

Vocabulary 71

Jerusalem
inclination
loathsome
flickering
ultimatum
ensemble
limestone
aquatic
extremity
forage
rehabilitation
hedgehog
rote
spine
undistorted
preside over
polygon
harmonica
doctrine
regimentation
abolitionist
interlock
exacting
dehydrate
gourmet
imbibe
attire
sneeze
codify
sloping
ambivalence
glaze
intoxication

2023/10/14

Vocabulary 70

brawl
customarily
flounder
audition
knapsack
sack
outgrow
dilate
pupils
bang
drowsy
ham
penchant
nocturnal
saline
arduous
verse
glean
paramount
unearth
adjoin
portrayal
snack bar
wane
accommodating
creditor
offspring
laboriously
discourse
herbicide
proclivity
glassware
receptacle
enactment
cube
despoiler
yarn
dismay
chickpea
condor
choke

2023/10/13

Vocabulary 69

bolster
lampshade
mug
cast off
multitude
adminster
intravenously
caricature
discern
monotonous
roost
amino acid
culminate
brittle
taxicab
anomaly
dart
termite
skydiving
exhilarating
slavish
ooze
wrinkle
revitalization
sewerage

2023/10/12

Vocabulary 68

frigid
apportion
darling
percolate
refraction
bending
squirrel
depot
affectionate
urbane
compliment
deference
paraphrase
appreciable
ajar
civility
glandular
gauge
infiltrate
undertaking
renounce
rift
cider
corps
insulin
primordial
barb
specimen
veneration
congenital
layman
perishable

2023/10/11

Vocabulary 67

unbridgeable
farce
unrestrained
legging
heed
signify
comic
teem with
scotch
sustained
sentimental
rupture
granite
folly
inflexible
meager
inhibit
susceptible
ice sheet
perch
facsimile
thatch
venomous
denomination
ablaze
ambience
petal
accompaniment

2023/10/10

Vocabulary 66

sinuous
varnish
wary
heredity
abrasion
mannerism
myriad
avant-garde
improviser
connoisseur
liquor
arthritis
braid
crosscut
legume
crayon
circumference
threadlike
hue
rampant
niche
detrimental
slum
tectonics
mulberry
popular tune
adornment
oyster
spontaneity
tadpole
quartz
catch on
stocky
gravitational force
effluent

2023/10/09

Vocabulary 65

pensive
blush
symbiosis
fungi
percussion
patronizing
negligent
vine
twine
flamboyant
quiescent
perspiration
finch
financing
topographical
usher in
snoring
communal
emboss
barbed wire
stilt
itinerary
yolk
slumber
avocation
disperse
subside
suite
harmonic
whim

2023/10/08

Vocabulary 64

wristwatch
indigestion
ratify
myth
acronym
methodically
in accord with
occupant
draft animal
tableware
antiquity
sporadically
solitude
scenic
conclusive
pestilential
cultivate
strenuous
weed
hub
subractive
soothe
minuscule
wavy
innumberable
megaphone

2023/10/07

Vocabulary 63

faucet
conifer
decadent
fir
prairie
refrigerant
exuberant
hem
dietectics
weaverbird
inextricably
pedagogic
rendition
microbe
pastel
magnentic prospecting
irritating
every now and then
turnpike
slender
concentric
extol
protectionist
patch
platelike
roam
seedling
eminence
plasma

2023/10/06

Vocabulary 62

plow
dismal
stature
diversion
crude oil
assert
solicitor
miniature
bluff
rivalry
anesthetic
microcosm
sloth
crisscross
mingle
blast furnace
inorganic chemical
astute
earthenware
platitude
hornbill
escapist
capillary
tilt
agitation
frown
conjectural
broad-brimmed
gourmand
render its verdict
temporal
populate

2023/10/05

Vocabulary 61

consternation
supplant
ripe
reap
sequester
deplete
blanket
portend
lumber
pollen
postoperative
circumscribe
introspective
brawling
demolish
transmuted
recipe
shuffle the deck
jelly
light bulb
haunted
archipelago
amenable
floral
bark
disillusion
baboon
centennial
horde
stich

2023/10/04

Vocabulary 60

choir
anarchist
crow
emancipation
physiology
scaffolding
scour
feverishly
immobilize
chapel
dissenter
lunar eclipse
clam
proceeds
disposition
furry
stately
elixir
gulp
acordian
pulp
viscous
chivalry
pitcher
prototypical
dispense with
frenetic
gospel
prohibitively
tardiness
vessel
cacti
salinity
colloquial
itinerant

2023/10/03

Vocabulary 59

grease
petrification
lament
enclosure
vertebrate
recital
syllable
swampy
delectable
palette
moat
treasure trove
arid
compound eyes
prodigious
choppy
inferiority
pinch
shear
suspender
quaint
linen
pendant
stipend
cyclone
aboreal
permeable
dogged
atrophy

2023/10/02

Vocabulary 58

shaft
snap
flay
gild
furrow
hew
clinch
efface
incise
abduct
rend
implement
embezzle
bonanza
flank
glaze

2023/10/01

Vocabulary 57

disinterested
exquisite
utterly
chaste
bulky
exhale
howl
remit
gibe
incorruptible

2023/09/30

Vocabulary 56

sensuous
elation
faminish
gorge
brisk
enrapture
ravish
suspense
exultant
fluster
languid
inquisitive

2023/09/29

Vocabulary 55

ignoble
supple
feeble
insular
minute
fateful
tenor
sloppy
skimpy

2023/09/28

Vocabulary 54

feat
extol
esteem
revere
hilarious
disreputable
grandeur
decorum
laudable
homage

2023/09/27

Vocabulary 53

avid
disposition
meticulous
scornful
contemptible
metial
fatuous
torpid
intrepid
on steroids
ubiquitous
scrupulous

2023/09/26

Vocabulary 52

deceit
fraudulant
homicide
pilferage
blackmail
extort
belie
declude
auspicuous
purge
prune
readily
accomplice
decimation

2023/09/25

Vocabulary 51

renounce
enthrall
coddle
treason
modulate
entail
eschew
redeem
incite
avert
demur
succumb

2023/09/24

Vocabulary 50

stamina
caliber
adept
stunt
sluggish
indolent
sanity
stern
lusty
prodigal
slug
feud
thump
impale
sheathe

2023/09/23

Vocabulary 49

snobbish
flighty
undaunted
austerity
astetic
strife
belliterent
lavish
copious
manifold
baste
aasail
abmonish
repel
valor

2023/09/22

Vocabulary 48

rehabilitate
jumble
pacify
dilate
convene
muddle
pitful
haunt
scanty
mollify
engender
headway
transfix
incessant
incipient

2023/09/21

Vocabulary 47

conspicuous
slender
britle
sneak
lurk
encompass
confluence
seclusion
inflate
entice
emaciate
flimsy

2023/09/20

Vocabulary 46

stingy
forfeit
deplete
ebb
indefinite
deform
coil
hump
convex
engross
enrapture
intoxicate
charisma
stuffy
haphazard

2023/09/19

Vocabulary 45

sleive
flip
trudge
chuckle
jerk
hurl
hilarity
aura
sullen
trample
shove
dab
etiquette
bidding
triage

2023/09/18

Vocabulary 44

fraternal
hinge
congenial
replender
supplant
arduous
strentuous
deferential
plight
sway

2023/09/17

Vocabulary 43

hectic
drudgery
audition
congruity
concerted
supersede
sickle
shovel
smear
vault
flounder
gild
tub
officeholding

2023/09/16

Vocabulary 42

perilous
maim
balmy
palatable
aroma
stink
ethereal
malleable
gratuitous
gist
gradient
dexterous
rule of thumb

2023/09/15

Vocabulary 41

hackneyed
sloppy
fraust
sporadic
suffuse
detriment
jeopardy
odor
hectic
lofty
crooked
panacea
superstitution
momentous
cardinal
ponderous
catholic
pungent
erratic
fraught

2023/09/14

Vocabulary 40

expedient
pertinent
fidelity
tally
advisable
caustic
probity
refined
sober
acrimony
infallible

2023/09/13

Vocabulary 39

dingy
sedate
defile
unbecoming
fervent
categorical
exorbitant
unblemished
virtuous
colossal
commodious
veer
capacious
guileless
blemish

2023/09/12

Vocabulary 38

surmise
holocaust
carnage
cataclysm
avalanche
afflict
lethal
defunct
smother
expire
idyllic
mill
fixture
footbeat
mishap

2023/09/11

Vocabulary 37

sojourn
scorch
desolate
barren
sterile
clod
stout
stodgy
regimen
slag
dwell
drowsy
apt
auspice
guise
doze
strap
beguile

2023/09/07

Vocabulary 36

disparge
deride
slander
acclaim
cynical
accentuate
depict
coax
effuse
grumble
aspersion
sardronic
elucidate
expound

2023/09/05

Vocabulary 35

bombastic
pretentious
disseminate
impart
vanity
liaison
conceit
disband
culpable
rebuke
reproach
hubbub
oration
equivocate

2023/09/03

Vocabulary 34

incisive
inborn
innane
barley
rudimentry
broccoli
seasoning
condiment
spinach
beet
nibble
sesame
rye
edible
oats
mustard
cereal
cabbage
inbibe

2023/09/02

Vocabulary 33

gauge
specimen
doctrine
dissect
twingle
dingy
burnish
dusky
deflect
heterogeneous
homogeneous
impertinent
gleam
ablaze
intrinstically
abtruse
gush

2023/09/01

Vocabulary 32

permeate
spout
meander
influx
prestine
juncture
interclude
improvise
extant
nocturnal
cursory
forthright
impromptu
abiding
overdue
initerate
girdle
imbue
postulate
fringe

2023/08/31

Vocabulary 31

impotence
tug
impute

2023/08/30

Vocabulary 30

belittle
spineless
pitful
meek
genial
crooked
canny
austerity
composure
discreet
prudent
hardheaded
bashful
tractable
acumen
exquisite
affable
facile
courteous
gregarious

2023/08/29

Vocabulary 29

unquenchable
surmount
insinuate
zigzag
stroll
vanquish
rumble
bequest
heredity
pamphlet
cram
quell
bondage
penchant
ferret
adjourn
blunt
rashly

2023/08/28

Vocabulary 28

headless
erroneous
futile
offhand
recollection
ruminate
haunt
blunder
oblivion
grope
tardy
retard
propensity
shackle
cramp
impetiment
inure
subdue
transript
protract

2023/08/27

Vocabulary 27

steadfast
stronghead
elusion
inteligible
elusive
rapacious
equivocal
scrap
disfigure
divulge
perplex
vinticate
ilegible
Entry Formalities
discern
engulf
disembark
anihilate
connive

2023/08/26

Vocabulary 26

dissipate
bestow
despatch
extricate
harness
interplay
procure
cobble
prop
prod
forsake
contrive
dubious
profane
ardor
ardent
solicitous
abashed
bliss
grounchy
chafe
grudge

2023/08/25

Vocabulary 25

overcast
toment
overbearing
trying
fussy
contemptuous
presumptuous
astound
petrify
impetuous
disarrange
derange
lovelorn
nostalgia
cower
crave
orlorn
dejected
downcast
frenzy
haughty
picturesque
mug shot
preclude
mold
portrait
vituoso
embroider

2023/08/24

Vocabulary 24

conjure
aesthetic
arcade
dadaism
baroge
membrane
parasite
vital
subsist
posterity
fermentation
metabolism
carbohydrate
glucose
secrete
morphology
respiration
assimilate
fresco

2023/08/23

Vocabulary 23

doomed
dogma
consecrate
creed
fatalism
doctrine
atheism
immerse
enchant
exodus
oracle
facet
cone
column
ellipse
deduction
polygon
fraction
inference
abacus
dispersion
plumb
intersect
circumference
circuitous
heresy
caliber

2023/08/22

Vocabulary 22

celestial body
asteroid
cluster
interferometer
corona
planteau
contour
hemisphere
ebb
ledge
insular
islet
oasis
outskirt
cosmopolitan
subterrane
cavern
basin
salinity
topography
cistern
endemic
Arctic
terrestrial
meridian
crevice

2023/08/21

Vocabulary 21

lunar
Saturn
mercury
Venus
Mars
Jupiter
supernova
holism/holistic
dwarf
planetoid
stellar
interstellar
pseudoscience
meteor shower
comet
astrology
constellation

2023/08/20

Vocabulary 20

vein
sediment
aluminum
seism
seismology
ruby
quartz
magnitude
porehole
pit
pitfall
squirt
emerald
lithosphere
lithogemous
magma
alchemy
solubility
sear
kindle
iodine
platinum
scorch
hackneyed
hydronic
ammonia
helium

2023/08/19

Vocabulary 19

husk
pollen
stalk
leafstalk
bud
petal
leaflet
timber
timbre
laurel
sprout
germinate
rosette
photosynthesis
bleach
catalyst
catalysis
silica
methane
caustic
neutralize
pigment
tin
hydrocarbon
tint
stem
herb

2023/08/18

Vocabulary 18

anthropology
tribe
descent
aboriginal
forerunner
cranial
hominid
nomatic
starsh
spore
pollinate
luxuriant
flora
acoustic
transpire
quiver
brim
brink
rim
constituent

2023/08/17

Vocabulary 17

conduct
instill
didactic
discipline(subject)
sermon
dission
oscillation
ion
neutron
electron
proton
nucleus
band
sonar
ultrasonics
resonation
shafe
declivity
ventilation
dilute
attrition
clot
clutter
impetus
optical
thaw
expedite
thermodynamics
sublimate

2023/08/16

Vocabulary 16

string
wind
percussion
orchestra
chorus
episode
conservatory
movement
harsh
euphonious
priest
figurehead
envoy
autocrat
aristocrat
foe
beneficiary
malcontent
disciple
throng
assassin
anthropologist
paleoanthropologist
advant-garde

2023/08/15

Vocabulary 15

counsel
playwright
clergy
archeologist
choreographer
imagist
herist
philantropist
connoisseur
orator
micer
debtor
benefactor
inferior
fanatic
novice
adherent
barbaric
pricursor
bandit
alumni
proprietor
illiterate
botanist
satirist

2023/08/14

Vocabulary 14

saddle
jurisdiction
blizzard
balmy
dank
moisture
serene
arid
chilly
tepid
gale
breeze
blast
meteorology
drizzle
pricipitate
pricipitation
dew
hail
downpour
droplet
tempist

2023/08/13

Vocabulary 13

runway incursion
illicit
inruly
domineering
heirage
indemnity
captivity
plaintiff
abstain
stipulate
substantiate
confiscate
arbitration
acquit
credential
plea
condone
incriminate
denounce
cipher
fort
beset
envelop
besiege
corps
squad
encroach
despoil
repulse
expedition
dissimulate
hatchet
armament
exterminate

2023/08/12

Vocabulary 12

cohort
cogent
succinct
clause
genre
linguistic
phonetic
tense
verse
emend
adage
fable
paraphrase
adaptation
abridge
excerpt
synopsis
petition
confedrate
regimen
confer
hustle
deport
oust
municipal
anarchism
potent

2023/08/11

Vocabulary 11

garlic
plow
reservatory
prolific
aquaculture
husbandry
insecticide
silt
squash
hay
poultry
sow
cowshed
seedbed
sheepfold
pigpen
graze
manure
horticulture
abidicate
sawtooth
causality
gorge
meadow
canyon
scenic
limpid
puddle

2023/08/10

Vocabulary 10

catching
anatomy
malnourished
aerobic
tingle
susceptible
numb
gash
sterile
inoculation
fester
intoxicate
fracture
lean
sustenance
relapse
morbid
bruise

2023/08/09

Vocabulary 9

needy,poor,indigent
penury
drawback
exponent
redress
ration
rebate
inventory
inertia
residue
acting
disburse
reimburse
garner
patronage
barter
bond
means
ransome
current & saving & credit account
noxious
sewage
ozonosphere
decibell
fume
polygamous
clan
rustic
exotic
marital
genteel
patriarchal

2023/08/08

Vocabulary 8

P177

in lockstep
dazzle
illegible
discretion
discern
vindicate
dogmatic
tangle
entangle
confound
enigma
elude
captivate
riddle
labyrinth

2023/08/07

Vocabulary 7

heavy handed 高压的，大手大脚的，用某物过多
relinquish 不情愿放弃
egregious 糟糕的
negatively cached
irksome 令人烦恼的
semicolon 分号
quadratic 平方的
massive heart attack

2023/08/06

Vocabulary 6

hindsight
bombard
electorate
anti-semitism
ephemeral 短暂的
coarse-grained

2023/08/04 - 2023/08/05

参加了2023华为开发者大会，见世面了…

2023/08/03

Vocabulary 5

depose
electorate

2023/08/02

Vocabulary 4

wrangle 争吵
franchisor 特许经营人
denote 表示
onerous
sporadic 零星的
side-step
bisection method
intersection
redhanded 当场抓获的
denominator 分母
adhesive 有粘性的
tier
myopia

Open Harmony 1

BearPi Nano
Riscv32
开发方式：烧录、编辑在Windows上进行，（交叉）编译在远程的Linux服务器上进行
usleep & Gpio*
*.gn
原本文档里的下载连接失效了，新的网址
hello_world & LED

2023/08/01

Vocabulary 3

inter-machine & intra-machine
devise 设计
de-facto
scaffold
indictment
refute
full fledged
testbed
premise
i.e. & i.g.
ranger

2023/07/30

Excel 中的小技巧

Excel中的公式其实就好像是一门编程语言，表达力很强
COUNTIF 根据条件计数
SUMIF & SUMIFS 根据条件求和
快速选中某个范围内的单元格 Shift键
通配符*和？，快速匹配
筛选 + 排序
数据 -> 分列便于拆分一些有规律的字符串，比如说时间信息

Matlab

函数作为参数传递，@func

2023/07/27

今天调研了一下各大公司技术岗位的招聘情况，还是有一些收获的

聚类算法

分类问题：已知分类，聚类问题：未知分类
基于距离（系统分析、系统聚类、K-means聚类算法、k++-means聚类算法）or 基于密度（DBSCAN）

2023/07/26

Vocabulary 2

boilerplate
chronological
lexicographic
contiguous

MapReduce & Bigtable & GFS

这三者的关系？

2023/07/25

Vocabulary 1

rudimentry 基本的
bimodal 双峰的
break down 分解
modal 情态动词、模式的
marked departure 显著的差异

灵敏性检验

衡量某个参数改变对最后得到的结果的影响
保证结果的稳健性
多目标规划需要标准化+加权

2023/07/24

Go Programming Language Notes 2

Write a go module

go mod init zrt.ink/example
go mod edit -replace zrt.ink=../example
go mod tidy

Allocation with new & composite literal & make

make create slice & map & channel only
When making a slice, the capacity can be omitted

package main

func main() {
 v := make([]int, 100)
 v[0] = 42
 var p *[]int = new([]int)
 *p = make([]int, 100, 100)
}

package main

import "fmt"

type Animal struct {
 name string
 idx  int
}

func main() {
 p := new(Animal)
 fmt.Println(p.idx, p.name)
 if p.name == "" {
  fmt.Println(`p.name == ""`)
 }
 q := &Animal{}
 fmt.Println(q.idx)
 if q.name == "" {
  fmt.Println(`q.name == ""`)
 }

}

Recover

package main

import (
 "fmt"
)

type RecoverableError string
type UnrecoverableError string

func (e RecoverableError) Error() string {
 return string(e)
}

func (e UnrecoverableError) Error() string {
 return string(e)
}
func safelyDo(x int) (err error) {
 err = nil
 defer func() {
  if e := recover(); e != nil {
   err = e.(RecoverableError)
   fmt.Println("Recoverable Error")
  }
 }()
 do(x)
 return err
}

func do(x int) {
 if x != 42 {
  panic(UnrecoverableError("Unrecoverable Error"))
 } else {
  panic(RecoverableError("Recoverable Error"))
 }
}

func main() {
 safelyDo(42)
 // safelyDo(0)
}

Type Selection

package main

// type selection

import (
 "fmt"
)

type type1 struct {
 x int
}

type type2 struct {
 y int
}

type type3 struct {
 z int
}

type Type interface {
 run()
}

func (t type1) run() {

}
func (t type2) run() {

}

func (t type3) run() {

}

func dispatcher(t Type) {
 switch v := t.(type) {
 case type1:
  fmt.Println(v.x)
 case type2:
  fmt.Println(v.y)
 default:
  fmt.Println("unknown")
 }

}

func main() {
 var t1, t2, t3 Type
 t1 = type1{1}
 t2 = type2{2}
 t3 = type3{3}
 dispatcher(t1)
 dispatcher(t2)
 dispatcher(t3)
}

Unit Test

xxxx_test.go
Function Name TestXxxx
testing.T & testing.Fatalf()

Misc

string.Fields()
Log.Fatal()

Command Line Basic

package main

import (
 "bufio"
 "fmt"
 "os"
 "strings"
)

func main() {
 for _, s := range os.Args {
  fmt.Println(s)
 }
 fmt.Println("Enter Text:")
 reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
 input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error occur")
  return
 }
 input = strings.TrimSuffix(input, "\n")
 
 fmt.Println(input)
}

2023/07/23

Go Programming Language Notes 1

for range 语法

var arr [4]int
for i,v:= range arr{

}

Channel <- ch & c<-v & sync & close & for range
Mutex lock & unlock 使用defer解锁
方法，*Type和Type的区别（指针和值传递的区别、interface）
string.Fields(需要 import “string”)

2023/07/22

Golang 应该关注的地方

基本控制语句（if、循环、变量声明、变量类型）
函数（传参、返回）
slice
并发（Channel）
模块化和构建
常用的库函数
异常处理（nil？）
单元测试
OOP相关

2023/07/21

DPDK

Data Plane Development Kit
本质上是为了减少拷贝次数（内核态 <-> 用户态）（Zero Copy）
用户态驱动：需要暴露一些接口，让用户态控制设备（UIO），通过一些接口（如read）返回中断的次数
PMD（Poll Mode Driver）：如果中断次数过多，内核态和用户态之间反复切换，不利于性能，因此，每次中断时，将设备关中断，采取轮询的方式，没有网络包到来的时候恢复中断，希望一次处理更多的网络包。（启发：Interrupt + Poll 似乎是一种优化的方法）
疑问：是否会有安全问题？如何解决的？

Futex

Fast User-space mutual EXclusiion
减少可睡眠互斥锁的加锁次数
也可以用来实现条件变量

File System

基于inode的文件系统

Ext4
目录也是文件，利用原有的机制
多级inode
Super Block & inode

基于表的文件系统

NTFS：MFT（Master File Table）、Sparse File、各种属性、日志支持等
FAT（File Allocation Table）：短文件名

2023/07/20

调度

调度指标

平均周转时间（批任务比较看重）
平均响应时间（交互型任务）
实时性：要在截止时间（deadline）前完成
公平性：避免出现饥饿现象

经典调度方法

先来先服务（First Come First Service）：

1、长短任务混合时，短任务等待时间过长

2、不利于IO密集型任务，IO利用率低，IO密集型的作业完成IO后只能等待，不能够发起下一次IO

短作业优先（SJF）

1、长任务饥饿的问题

2、有利于交互型、IO密集型任务

Round Robin（时间片轮转）：平均周转时间可能较长，但是响应时间比较短

优先级调度

多级队列（MLQ）：分为多个队列，每个队列有一个优先级，队列中的调度策略可以是SJF、RR等，避免饥饿：等待时间过长的提升优先级
多级反馈队列（Multi-Level Feedback Queue）：

1、短作业优先级较高，每级队列的任务运行超出一定时间后，调整到优先级较低的队列当中

2、低优先级更长的时间片

3、定期将所有任务提升到优先级最高的队列

最高相应比优先（HRRN）：Highest Response Ratio Next

公平共享调度策略（NEW）

基于份额（Share）、虚拟时间（virtual time）
彩票调度（Lottery Scheduling）：概率收敛，如果次数太少可能不能达到公平
步幅调度（Stride Scheduling）：初始值如何设置来避免新的任务过度占用CPU？

fork & rfork & vfork & clone & posix_spawn

fork有一定的性能问题（复制页表的开销）
vfork 父进程阻塞直到子进程exit或调用execve
posix_spawn 相当于 fork + exec
clone 和 vfork 可以更细粒度地调整创建进程的行为

2023/07/19

内核线程

需要保存内核的上下文（少保存一些寄存器）
内核线程之间的切换主要是内核栈的切换
疑问：Linux的内核线程怎样实现？上下文有哪些？

优化系统调用

将一些变量映射到用户的地址空间（如Linux中的vdso机制）。
共享内存：需要有一个处理器核运行内核态，不断地轮询其他核用户态的请求，这样其他核就不会发生用户态和内核态之间的切换。
共享内存中，内核态处理可能会成为一个瓶颈，因此可以多个核运行内核态。
也可以一次系统调用进行，从而分摊一次切换的代价，提高整个系统的吞吐率。

内生性 & 外生性

计量经济学的概念

2023/07/18

纤程（Fiber）

系统上的概念，其实和协程差不多，只不过协程是编程语言提供的一种抽象
开销比较低，表现在：需要保存的寄存器少一些，不用进行内核态和用户态的切换
ucontext：setcontext(类似于yield in Golang)

多线程下的fork()调用

如果把所有线程都复制到新线程当中，可能会导致一些意外的结果，比如说某个线程在执行fork调用时，另外一个线程正在执行write调用，可能会导致write调用被执行两次（取决于时序）
因此，POSIX简化了要求，只复制调用fork的那一个线程，并且建议尽快调用exec()，减少空间的浪费（如果是Copy On Write，其实不太浪费）。

L4微内核对IPC的优化

IPC性能是微内核优化的一个重点
短消息传递：寄存器传参、虚拟寄存器传参
长消息传递：内核负责在一个临时的映射区域里传递、接口优化->允许一次调用传递多个不连续的缓冲区，分摊开销
长消息传递优化：共享内存映射
切换优化：惰性调度 + 直接进程切换（绕过调度器、利用原有Cache）

2023/07/17

KVM/ARM(接着昨天的写)

中断虚拟化：ARM中有一个GIC（Generic Interrupt Controller），而虚拟化的ARM架构提供了vGIC（virtual Generic Interrupt Controller），而GIC又分为CPU的Interface和Ditributor，中断的处理过程中包括了EOF和ACK等机制，而在arm中，这两个操作都可以由硬件完成。
IO虚拟化：主要使用了virtio，对MMIO的读写会导致陷入KVM当中
疑问1：对于多个不同的VM，KVM内部是怎样管理的？
split-mode virtualization：ARM专门为那种运行在bare metal上的Hypervisor（比如说Xen）设计了Hyp mode，但对于KVM这种位于操作系统内核中的VMM来说，需要经过很大的修改才能够使得Kernel的代码运行在Hyp mode中（Hyp mode 和 Kernel mode有不一致的地方），因此设计者提出了split-mode virtualization。简单来说，在Hyp mode中运行lowvisor，在kernel mode当中运行highvisor，当从VM陷入到KVM时，先进入lowvisor，做一些必要的工作，然后转到处于kernel mode的highvisor，完成大部分的工作，而返回时则按照相反的顺序进行。有意思的是，开发的时候有个问题比较有意思：

An important issue in developing KVM/ARM was how to get access to Hyp mode across the plethora of available ARM SoC platforms supported by Linux.

如果在一开始初始化Hyp mode需要BIOS提供相关支持（install trap handler），否则kernel启动的时候可能会crash，这需要很多的外部支持。而最终选择的方法是让内核在Hyp mode模式下启动，在启动过程中KVM/ARM检测当前是Kernel Mode还是Hyp Mode，并且有不同的应对方法。

提到了Catch 22（第二十二条军规）这个问题：想要给内核贡献这样一个重要功能需要先成为Known Contributor，但成为known contributor又要先贡献代码。因此，作者认为，先从小的地方贡献（比如说清理内核代码、使得代码更加通用）

2023/07/16

KVM/ARM

IO
中断
CPU
内存
KVM/ARM 合并进入内核主线的过程让人印象深刻
split mode virtualization（适应ARM的相关设计）
Code Reuse

2023/07/15

缓存一致性

多核下non-inclusive 的cache中的数据需要通过一定手段保持一致
LLC（Last Layer Cache）
解决方法directory-based & snoop-based
MSI协议：Modified、Shared、Invalid 读取的时候如果是在Shared状态则直接读取、写之前要将其他核心的cache设置为Invalid，注意传输旧的缓存行（原因：缓存一致性以缓存行为为粒度，而一个cacheline大小一般为64个字节，一般来说只会修改其中一个部分，因此要传输旧的缓存行）

内存一致性模型

严格一致性模型（Strict Consistency）、顺序一致性模型（Sequential Consistency）、TSO（Total Store Order）、弱序一致性模型（Weak-order Consistency）
严格一致性模型认为两个操作不可能同时发生，处理器核看到的是全局时钟下的顺序
顺序一致性模型：不同核心看到的操作一致（全局顺序），每个核心自己的读写操作可见顺序与程序顺序相同，可能出现一个核上的更新另一个核上的读操作无法读到。
TSO 不保证写读的全局可见顺序
弱序一致性：写写、写读、读写、读读都不保证
前提/研究对象：不同地址而且没有依赖（数据依赖、地址依赖）
利用内存屏障来解决问题
ARM -> Weak-order Consistency x86 -> TSO

同步原语的可扩展性

当CPU核数比较多的时候，对同一个Cache Line的争抢导致在内存一致性协议上开销增大，从而出现核数增加反而性能下降的情况
解决方法：MCS队列
NUMA下Cohert锁：全局锁+NUMA节点上的锁，全局锁直到本NUMA节点上的所有请求得到满足后释放，需要解决饥饿问题和公平性问题：限制单个NUMA节点的请求。（尽可能减少跨NUMA节点的迁移）

Side Channel & Covert Channel

Flush + Reload
Flush + Flush
Prime + Probe
Evict + Reload
Meltdown
Spectre

TEE

Intel SGX（Secure Guard eXtension）、Enclave concept
应用、OS、虚拟机级别的隔离
两大特征：隔离执行 + 远程认证
操作系统、Hypervisor不可信的情况下的解决方案

MISC

Linux Test Project（syscall测试）
kernelci（Fengguang Wu？）（硬件兼容性）
selftest
软件兼容性（POSIX相关的测试）
性能测试？

2023/07/14

不同类型的操作系统

简要结构内核
宏内核
微内核（内核态功能比较少，提供IPC、进程/线程等功能，大多数功能在用户态以服务的形式实现，比如，缺页中断处理可以在用户态进行，减小攻击面，某个模块崩溃的时候缩小影响面），比较有代表性的是MACH、L4微内核
Exokernel，也叫做外核，内核主要提供资源抽象和硬件的多路复用
Mutilkernel 异构计算

NUMA

内存控制器容易称为瓶颈，一些内存控制器分布在不同的核心上，本地和远端访问内存时间的不同的架构称为NUMA
远端访问需要通过互联总线（interconnect）来与远端节点通信
NUMA节点由一个或多个CPU核心构成
NUMA-aware: 1、提供NUMA感知的接口，让应用决定 2、尽可能将内存分配在本地节点
Linux：绑定模式、优先模式（从最近的NUMA节点分配）、交错模式，libnuma封装了相关调用

IPC(Inter-Process Communication)

建立连接的方式
Naming Service
权限检查（Capability）
如何提高IPC的性能（减少拷贝的次数、参数传递的方式、LRPC的迁移线程模型）
IPC的几种方式（共享内存、信号量Semaphore、信号、管道等）
Android Binder IPC（Binder IPC模块、线程池、动态增加线程数量以及设置线程数量的上限、Handle的抽象、服务发现）

cond_wait() & cond_signal() & cond_broadcast()

生产者消费者问题
cond_wait() 放在while循环的原因？
cond_signal()需要每次调用？
cond_signal 和释放锁的顺序调换过来会怎么样？

2023/07/13

文件系统的崩溃一致性（Crash Consistency）

redo log & undo log & WAL(Write Ahead Log)（至少要写两次）
Soft Update & 依赖追踪（循环依赖）& 撤销操作（重新开机时可以一边修复一边接收新的请求）
同步写入（低效的方法）
写时拷贝（容易出现写放大的现象，尤其是写入数据比较小的情况下，如1字节）
Ext4 文件系统不同的日志模式（ordered、journal、writeback）（针对文件数据，非元信息）
Log-structured File System（LFS）& Wear Leveling & Segment（一种折衷的方法）
FUSE（用户态文件系统）：容易调试、和内核隔离、可以使用丰富的第三方库

2023/07/12

科学、技术、工程和应用

今天看了一个视频，有一点印象比较深刻，讲的是科学、技术、工程和应用之间的区别。科学主要解决的是是什么和为什么，而技术主要解决的是怎么做，而工程解决的是如何多快好省地解决问题。举个例子：对于造一把刀这件事来说，科学指出什么样的材料可以造一把能用地刀（陶瓷或钢铁），而技术指出怎样造这样一把刀，而工程则是低成本地大批量生产这样的刀，而应用则类似于‘切西瓜的n种方法’。

系统虚拟化

最近读了一下SJTU的《操作系统原理和实现》，总结一下系统虚拟化的部分的内容

一个演进的VMM（Virtual Machine Monitor）

前提：当前ISA下所有敏感指令都是特权指令，都会引起下陷

这一小节首先提出了一个最小的VMM0，在这个VMM中客户操作系统内核只能够执行用户ISA下的指令。VMM1在VMM0的基础上添加了时钟中断，本质上还是利用在用户态执行特权指令会最终会进入VMM中这个特点，来做一些信息的更新或者说行为的模拟，比如更新时钟中断的间隔这个指令本身是特权指令，导致虚拟机陷入虚拟机监视器，虚拟机监视器在这个过程中更新实际上位于内存的时间间隔。VMM2添加了虚拟机内核态和用户态之间切换的功能（设置一个变量指示当前是内核态还是用户态，从而在陷入VMM的时候可以将一些工作交给虚拟机系统来做）。VMM3增加了虚拟机多线程，但VMM本身不需要作任何改动。VMM4则通过宿主系统的线程来模拟VMM的vCPU（virtual CPU），从而重用宿主操作系统上的一些调度策略，简化了实现。

CPU 虚拟化（不可虚拟化架构）

解释执行
动态二进制翻译（基本块的概念、缓存）
扫描-翻译（在翻译中替换掉不下陷的敏感指令，有些敏感指令不下陷到内核导致VMM无法接入）
半虚拟化（Hypercall，virio中也用到了类似的机制）
硬件虚拟化（Intel VT-x，一套寄存器）（ARM 的则有多组寄存器，切换时不需要专门对虚拟机中的寄存器进行保存）

内存虚拟化

影子页表
直接页表（半虚拟化，通过hypercall等机制）
硬件第二阶段地址翻译
内存气球（Memory Ballooning），解决Semantic Gap

IO虚拟化

软件模拟
半虚拟化的方式（virio 简化驱动实现，一次陷入提交更多的数据）
设备直通，解决安全问题（IOMMU），从硬件上实现不同虚拟机共享一个设备（对虚拟机而言看起来是独占）–SR-IOV

中断虚拟化

物理中断
虚拟中断

KVM 和 QEMU

KVM是机制，QEMU是策略（QEMU还要负责IO虚拟化等内容）
KVM以/dev/kvm 的形式暴露出来，QEMU通过ioctl系统调用与其交互

2023/07/04

x86_64里面有一条endbr64指令，看了一些相关的资料，发现里面的内容还是很多的，Intel把它叫做Contro-flow Enforcement Technology（CET），简单来说，跳转指令执行后如果跳转到的指令不是endbr64的话，处理器抛出异常，这是一种JOP（Jump Oriented Programming）攻击的缓解措施（Mitigation）。
在这之前的历史也十分有趣，在这之前还有一种攻击手段叫做ROP（Return Oriented Programming），简单来说就是利用程序本身漏洞改写保存在栈上函数的返回地址，从而使得函数返回时跳转到一个错误的地方，一种防护方法就是在原有的栈之外设立一个影子栈（Shadow Stack），入栈出栈操作在两个栈上同时进行，如果出栈的结果不一致，处理器抛出错误，阻断了ROP攻击。只不过还没怎么看过具体实现，感觉有时间可以看看……
看了一些资料发现ASLR（Address Space Layout Randomization）技术也是可以被绕过的，loadtime、runtime等不同阶段都会有一些信息（code locator）可以被攻击者利用来猜出其他模块被加载到的地址，比如栈上会存储caller函数的地址，如果能够获得这个地址，的确是可以猜到一些信息，从而实施JOP这样的攻击。
看了一下musl malloc()的实现，主要还是通过brk()系统调用来获得内存，cat /proc/${pid}/maps 可以看到它所在的区域叫做Heap，第一次调用brk（0）的时候，获得当前heap地址。
疑问1: musl ldso里struct dso::deps的作用？

2023/07/03

读了一下ld.so的Man Page，了解到LD_DEBUG & LD_SHOW_AUXV这两个环境变量的作用, musl和glibc的ld.so（动态连接器都是可以通过命令行启动）.
知道了Kernel是怎样向动态链接器传递信息的(Auxiliary Vector),而Dynamic Linker可以通过esp寄存器的值（由内核设置）找到到Auxiliary Vector的起始地址，而这个Auxiliary Vector会包括一些只有Kernel知道并由Kernel填写信息，比如说主程序加载的位置（AT_BASE）
看了一下musl libc的动态链接器最开始的汇编（_dlstart），做的事情很简单，也就是将esp寄存器的值和 .DYNAMIC段的地址作为参数传递（按照X86_64参数传递的Calling Convention）给_dlstart_c函数(用C语言编写)，然后_dlstart_c开始后面的一系列操作.
动态连接器一开始对自己进行重定位的过程很有意思.
疑问1: 有一些动态库可能会遇到多级的依赖，比如说：a.out依赖于libfunc.so,而libfunc.so又依赖于libc.so,musl libc的动态链接器是怎样处理这种情况的?我在LD_DEBUG=symbols:binding 的情况下用了一下glibc的ldso,发现它好像只解析a.out到libfunc.so的符号引用,而libfunc.so到libc.so的引用似乎是通过一种Lazy Binding的方式在运行时解决?
疑问2: 看了一下musl ldso的代码,对malloc & calloc等函数的处理很特别(外部实现对内部实现的替换?),感觉需要深入了解一下?